#include <db.h>
int
DB->open(DB *db, DB_TXN *txnid, const char *file,
const char *database, DBTYPE type, u_int32_t flags, int mode);
The DB->open() method opens the database represented by the
file and database.
The currently supported Berkeley DB file formats (or access methods) are Btree, Hash, Queue, and Recno. The Btree format is a representation of a sorted, balanced tree structure. The Hash format is an extensible, dynamic hashing scheme. The Queue format supports fast access to fixed-length records accessed sequentially or by logical record number. The Recno format supports fixed- or variable-length records, accessed sequentially or by logical record number, and optionally backed by a flat text file.
Storage and retrieval for the Berkeley DB access methods are based on key/data pairs; see DBT for more information.
Calling DB->open() is a relatively expensive operation, and
maintaining a set of open databases will normally be preferable to
repeatedly opening and closing the database for each new query.
The DB->open()
method returns a non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success.
If DB->open() fails, the
DB->close() method must be
called to discard the DB
handle.
The database parameter is optional, and allows applications to have multiple databases in a single file. Although no database parameter needs to be specified, it is an error to attempt to open a second database in a file that was not initially created using a database name. Further, the database parameter is not supported by the Queue format. Finally, when opening multiple databases in the same physical file, it is important to consider locking and memory cache issues; see Opening multiple databases in a single file for more information.
If both the database and file parameters are NULL, the database is strictly temporary and cannot be opened by any other thread of control. Thus the database can only be accessed by sharing the single database handle that created it, in circumstances where doing so is safe.
If the database parameter is not set to NULL, the database can be opened by other threads of control and will be replicated to client sites in any replication group, regardless of whether the file parameter is set to NULL.
The file parameter is used as the name of an underlying file that will be used to back the database; see File naming for more information.
In-memory databases never intended to be preserved on disk may be created by setting the file parameter to NULL. Whether other threads of control can access this database is driven entirely by whether the database parameter is set to NULL.
When using a Unicode build on Windows (the default), the file argument will be interpreted as a UTF-8 string, which is equivalent to ASCII for Latin characters.
The flags parameter must be set to zero or by bitwise inclusively OR'ing together one or more of the following values:
Enclose the DB->open() call within a transaction. If the call
succeeds, the open operation will be recoverable and all
subsequent database modification operations based on this
handle will be transactionally protected. If the call fails,
no database will have been created.
Create the database. If the database does not already exist
and the DB_CREATE flag is not specified, the
DB->open() will fail.
Return an error if the database already exists. The
DB_EXCL flag is only meaningful
when specified with the DB_CREATE.
flag.
Open the database with support for
multiversion concurrency control.
This will cause updates to the database to follow a
copy-on-write protocol, which is required to support
snapshot isolation. The DB_MULTIVERSION
flag requires that the database be transactionally protected during its open
and is not supported by the queue format.
Do not map this database into process memory (see the DB_ENV->set_mp_mmapsize() method for further information).
Open the database for reading only. Any attempt to modify items in the database will fail, regardless of the actual permissions of any underlying files.
Support transactional read operations with degree 1 isolation. Read operations on the database may request the return of modified but not yet committed data. This flag must be specified on all DB handles used to perform dirty reads or database updates, otherwise requests for dirty reads may not be honored and the read may block.
Cause the DB
handle returned by DB->open() to be free-threaded; that is,
concurrently usable by multiple threads in the address
space.
Physically truncate the underlying file, discarding all previous databases it might have held. Underlying filesystem primitives are used to implement this flag. For this reason, it is applicable only to the file and cannot be used to discard databases within a file.
The DB_TRUNCATE flag cannot be lock or
transaction-protected, and it is an error to specify it in a
locking or transaction-protected environment.
On Windows systems, the mode parameter is ignored.
On UNIX systems or in IEEE/ANSI Std 1003.1 (POSIX) environments, files created by the database open are created with mode mode (as described in chmod(2)) and modified by the process' umask value at the time of creation (see umask(2)). Created files are owned by the process owner; the group ownership of created files is based on the system and directory defaults, and is not further specified by Berkeley DB. System shared memory segments created by the database open are created with mode mode, unmodified by the process' umask value. If mode is 0, the database open will use a default mode of readable and writable by both owner and group.
If the operation is part of an application-specified transaction, the txnid parameter is a transaction handle returned from DB_ENV->txn_begin(); if the operation is part of a Berkeley DB Concurrent Data Store group, the txnid parameter is a handle returned from DB_ENV->cdsgroup_begin(); otherwise NULL. If no transaction handle is specified, but the DB_AUTO_COMMIT flag is specified, the operation will be implicitly transaction protected. Note that transactionally protected operations on a DB handle requires the DB handle itself be transactionally protected during its open. Also note that the transaction must be committed before the handle is closed; see Berkeley DB handles for more information.
The type parameter is of type DBTYPE,
and must be set to one of DB_BTREE,
DB_HASH, DB_QUEUE,
DB_RECNO, or DB_UNKNOWN. If type is DB_UNKNOWN, the database must already
exist and DB->open() will automatically determine its type. The
DB->get_type() method
may be used to determine the underlying type of databases opened using
DB_UNKNOWN.
It is an error to specify the incorrect type for a database that already exists.
If the database was opened within a database environment, the environment variable DB_HOME may be used as the path of the database environment home.
DB->open() is affected by any database directory specified using the
DB_ENV->set_data_dir()
method, or by setting the "set_data_dir" string in
the environment's
DB_CONFIG
file.
TMPDIR
If the file
and dbenv
parameters to DB->open() are NULL,
the environment variable
TMPDIR
may be used as a
directory in which to create temporary backing files
The DB->open()
method may fail and return one of the following non-zero errors:
A Berkeley DB Concurrent Data Store database environment configured for lock timeouts was unable to grant a lock in the allowed time.
If an unknown database type, page size, hash function, pad byte, byte order, or a flag value
or parameter that is incompatible with the specified database was specified; the
DB_THREAD
flag was specified and fast mutexes are not available for this architecture; the
DB_THREAD
flag was specified to DB->open(), but was
not specified to the DB_ENV->open() call for the
environment in which the DB
handle was created; a backing flat text file was specified with either the
DB_THREAD
flag or the provided database environment supports transaction
processing; or if an invalid flag value or parameter was specified.
When a client synchronizes with the master, it is possible for committed
transactions to be rolled back. This invalidates all the database and cursor
handles opened in the replication environment. Once this occurs, an attempt to use
such a handle will
return DB_REP_HANDLE_DEAD.
The application will need to discard the handle and open a new one in order to
continue processing.